Friday, November 17, 2017

Project Blog!

This week, we finished our Clean It Up! project. We had to experiment. After we decided what chemical substance we were going to use, and how our spill happened, we had to pretend to be scientists and experiment on some plants.  Since our substance was an acid, we decided to use our knowledge of neutralizing chemicals to fix our chemical spill. If you don’t remember what neutralizing is, there’s a brief recap:
Mixing an acid and a base together is the action of neutralizing. No matter what you add together, the result will ALWAYS, ALWAYS, ALWAYS be salt and water.
Okay. As I was saying, we were going to attempt neutralizing. First off, when you want to neutralize something, you should have everything handy. So we decided that we would use baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) as our base.
Before we got started, we needed to write up a lab report explaining our Introduction (how we came upon the spill), the hypothesis (which explained what we thought worked and why. We’ll get into that in a sec.), our materials needed, our procedure, the data of the experiment, and the conclusions we can make from the data.

Number One: Introduction. We decided to do lemon juice because we were all quite familiar with it and we thought it would be easy.
Two: Hypothesis. We thought that adding baking soda to the lemon juice and water on the plant was going to be easy, since we just needed to add some. We expected the baking soda to neutralize the lemon juice and save the plant.
Next, we had the materials as shown below:
  • We will need sodium bicarbonate (baking soda),
  • H2O (water)
  • citric acid from the lemon juice
  • four plants we will be testing on
  • a tub to catch the mess
  • a graduated cylinder to measure our substances
  • measuring spoons
  • cup to mix up the baking soda solution

Next we had our procedure: Firstly, we will label the plants ‘Plant 1, Plant 2, Plant 3, and Plant 4’. This is to ensure that we do not get mixed up and pour the wrong substances on the wrong plants. Secondly, we will mix up the baking soda solution. We need 125 mL on Plant 3 and 175 mL on Plant 4. DO NOT ADD THE SOLUTION TO THE PLANTS YET. Then we will add 100 mL of water to each plant. We need exactly 100 mL for each, otherwise the experiment will not work. Next, on every plant except for plant 1, we will add 100 mL of lemon juice. Do this step AFTER you have added the water to the plants. Next, we leave plants 1 and 2 alone and add 125 mL to plant 3 and 175 mL to plant 4. Make sure your measurements are exact, otherwise your experiment will be a dud. You need all of these things precise. Finally, let the plants sit in varying amounts of time. If you touch them, or add stuff to them, your experiment will be a dud. So be careful.
⚠WARNING! The plants might die. Keep this in mind. If they are dying, either wreck the experiment and save them, or let them die and keep your experiment perfect. It’s up to you.

Next, the data. The plants were okay. The solution we tried to save them with did more harm than good, so the spill was not as bad as we had first anticipated. Plant 1, to which there was just water, was strong and healthy. Plant two was weaker, having just the juice, but not bad. Plant three had water, juice, and 125 mL of baking soda solution. It was quite weak, but not dead. Plant four we added water, juice, and 175 mL of solution. Plant four was the weakest, but still it did not die. The town has hope.

As the scientists concluded, ‘Our testing may have done more harm than good’. The plants with our attempts to save them were the closest ones to dying. The scientists say that within a few days, the lemon juice should have completely receded and within another few days, the town should be better. As we conclude, our actions have done more harm than good for the town. The spill was not as bad as we thought, and the town should make a quick recovery. We have learned that plants do not really survive when you try to neutralize them. Maybe another substance would’ve worked better.

Backward Looking: In what ways do you think you need to improve?
I think that I could’ve been more prepared. When it was time for us to start testing, we hadn’t finished the lab report. I could’ve been more prepared for the testing, and for the final newscast presentation.

Inward Looking: How do you feel about this piece of work? What parts of it do you particularly like? Dislike? Why? What did/do you enjoy about this piece or work?

I feel quite proud about this piece of work. I liked the project; it was quite fun. I went through a lot to produce it. I liked that we got to write newspapers, and I love to write, so that was especially fun for me. I disliked that we didn’t have enough time to do a newscast and that we had to do an article instead. That was a little disappointing. I really enjoyed working with my team to create the article on our knowledge.

Outward Looking: What the one thing you particularly want people to notice when they look at your work?
I want people to notice how hard I worked on this piece. I feel like if they didn’t notice that, then I would feel a little worthless. But I really worked hard at it, and I would feel quite proud to have someone notice my hard effort at this.



Forward Looking: What would you change if you had a chance to do this piece over again?

If I could redo this, I would have been extremely prepared for the tasks at hand. I feel like I could’ve been better about that, especially since our work at the end was not quite our best. But I would totally put my all into it and not waste a second If I could redo it.  

Friday, November 10, 2017

The Great Spill of 2017

lemons.jpg

Last week, we discussed the pH scale and all that. We learned about acids and bases and how to neutralize substances. Now, we have to apply our knowledge to begin a project. Let’s learn!

Our new project is about neutralizing. We have to choose some sort of acid or base, like lemon juice or egg or whatever. Then we have to create a news article explaining a chemical spill (with our chemical) and we have to explain how the spill came to be. My group chose to do lemon juice. We have a lot more to do than just the article. Let’s investigate further.

Now, the substance is lemon juice. We had to create not only the article on how our spill came to be, but an infographic on these questions:
  1. Product Information: product identifier (name), manufacturer and suppliers names, chemical formula, structural formula
  2. Hazardous Ingredients - i.e. if you choose Windex, what is the ingredient in Windex that you are trying to neutralize?
  3. Physical Data of the hazardous ingredient (includes physical properties)
  4. Fire or Explosion Hazard Data
  5. Reactivity Data of the hazardous ingredient: information on the chemical instability of a product and the substances it may react with (includes chemical properties)
  6. Toxicological Properties: health effects
  7. Preventive Measures
  8. First Aid Measures
  9. Uses

If was a lot of research, but I learned a ton from the part one and now I know a lot of stuff about it. Okay, number one, the product information. Lemon juice. That is the “hazardous chemical” that was spilled. Actually, lemon juice is quite acidic. It contains citric acid, which is the harmful ingredient we have to neutralize. Citric acid is about a 2 on the pH scale. If you read my previous blog, you would know what that means. Or if you’re just smart in general and happen to know it. Either way, as long as that makes sense.

Citric acid is odorless and colorless with an acidic taste. It is a white crystalline solid. Its melting point is 153°C, and its boiling point is 175° C.
Even though citric acid can be painful (Inhale: can irritate lungs, respiratory tract, coughing, and a sore throat. Ingestion: vomiting, nausea, can irritate stomach, and diarrhea. Skin Contact: can cause redness, irritation. Eye contact: redness, pain. Erosion of teeth and dental enamel as well), i can be quite useful sometimes. It is found in citrus fruits (i.e. grapefruit, lemon, orange lime…), preservatives, sour candies, beauty products, and carbonated drinks.
Lemonade is still okay to drink, so don’t be saying t will damage you. Even plain lemons are okay, so lemon juice diluted in sugar and water won’t harm you.
If you would like to check out the whole article, go here. Don’t forget to check out the related article! We had a little extra time.

S&EP: SP8: Communicating information
This week, we spent our time gathering information from multiple sources. We had to collect as much as possible on our topic, and then we had to write an article (or two) on our findings. We had to communicate the information that we already knew through our article. I had a lot of fun starting our project; I can’t wait to move on to part two!

XCC: Cause and Effect
In our article, something had to happen. We had to make up a story of how our chemical spilled. Now that the chemical spills, we have to test out our ideas to see if the effect on the town will save it or destroy it. It could be either way, for the cause could be the spilled chemical and the effect could be great, or vice versa. This is a good example of case and effects.   

Saturday, November 4, 2017

Acids and bases- how acidic are they? 11/4/17

216_pH_Scale-01.jpg


Last week, we learned:
  • What a precipitate is
  • What a catalyst is
  • How to classify chemical reactions
This week, we will learn a bit more about acids and bases. And the pH scale. We learned a lot of these things last year, but we are recapping it.


WHAT THEY ARE-ACIDS AND BASES

Acids and bases are just acids and bases. They are everyday things, and they have a certain acidity-the acids have high acidities depending on what they are, and the bases do too. What about water? Water is acidic?! Why doesn’t it burn me up when I drink it?? Well, water is neither an acid nor a base. We call these substances neutrals. More about that later. We use a little thing called the pH scale to determine how acidic or basic something is. Litmus paper is a thing like that as well, but it only tells you whether the substance is an acid or a base and not how acidic it is.


pH SCALE-WHAT IT IS AND HOW IT’S USED

The pH scale is a way of determining the acidity of something. The numbers go from 1-14. The colors- Oh, well, I’ll show you…

ACIDS-WHAT ARE THEY?

Acids are acidic. That is how we describe them. I know, it may seem obvious, I mean the word acid is literally in the name, but acids are pretty cool. Let’s learn a bit more about them.


On the pH scale, an acid is less than pH 7. In other words, the reds, oranges, and yellows on the scale. The lower the number, the more acidic they are. pH 1 is extremely acidic, about the acidity of hydrochloric acid. pH six is about the acidity of urine or saliva. That’s the yellow. Everything in between… oh, well, later on there will be a more detailed one. On a piece of litmus paper, if you put it in an acid, the paper would turn red. That’s how it is with acids. They turn the paper and the indicator red. Speaking of indicator, we used it in our experiments. Universal indicator shows you if the substance is an acid or a base. For example, you place three drops of indicator in a small bowl. Then you pour three drops of, say, vinegar. We know vinegar is acidic, but let’s pretend you don’t. You watch as the mixture turns a pinkish-orange color. You can test the color against the pH scale to find out how acidic the vinegar was.


BASES-WHAT ARE THEY?

Bases are basic. Same as acids, that is obvious, because the word base is literally in the name. But bases are pretty much the opposite of acids. Let’s look deeper.


To be considered a base, the mixture of universal indicator and your substance has to be dark green, blue, or purple. Let’s say you added ammonia solution. Ammonia is basic, about an 11 on the scale, so the indicator would turn purplish. Same as acids, you can pour them on litmus paper. Same as acids, the paper only tells you i the solution is acidic, basic, or neutral. If the solution was basic, then you would see the litmus paper turn blue. Examples of bases are bleach, soapy water, cleaning supplies,milk of magnesia, baking soda, and sea water. Eggs are also basic. You can look it up anywhere. Substances are either acidic, basic or neutral, so it has to be one of them.


THE PROCESS OF NEUTRALIZATION

First things first, we need to discuss what a neutral substance is before we get into neutralization. A neutral is a substance that is neither acidic nor basic. It is neutral. If acids turn litmus paper red, and bases turn it blue, it doesn’t take a genius to figure out that neutrals don’t change the color. The color of litmus paper is purple. An excellent example of a neutral is water. Pure, healthy water is a neutral. It is not basic, and it is not burn-your-tongue-out acidic either.  


What happens if you mix together an acid and a base? Does it matter the strength of the acid, or the basicness of the base? What happens? Well, whenever you mix together an acid and a base, you will ALWAYS, ALWAYS, ALWAYS, ALWAYS get some type of salt (which is also a neutral. ALWAYS.) and water. ALWAYS. NO MATTER WHAT. Any type of neutralization reaction will always be a double displacement reaction. Remember the types? Here are some examples of neutralization reactions.


Basically, adding an acid and a base makes a neutral. Pretty easy to remember. If you remember the simple facts about acids and bases, you’re good to go. Let’s recap:
  • Acids make litmus paper red; bases make it blue; neutrals make it purple.
  • Acids are less than 7, bases are more than 7, and neutrals are 7 on the pH scale.
  • All neutralization reactions are double displacements (remember Ethan, Grace, Brianna, and William!).
  • Adding an acid and a base makes salt and water.
  • All salts are neutrals.


S&EP: SP4: Analyzing and interpreting data


This week, we were discovering acids and bases while experimenting. We had a page to graph our discoveries and place them in a table. We would add different amounts of substances inside the testing plates and add indicator. We had to discover the reactions, and we had to analyze the data after we collected it.


XCC: Stability and Change

This week, we got to see the colors of the substances change. A lot of things changed about them, the color, sometimes the substance they were. Once, we even had to blow carbon dioxide into the indicator mixture to make it a neutral instead of an acid. That was fun to watch, the colors getting lighter and lighter until they were a light green. It was fun to watch until I got cross eyed-I was the one blowing.

Is There Life in Space? 5/23/19

Link  by NASA Solar System Exploration       We all know the typical sci-fi movie where an alien monster drops out of some unknown pl...