This is what one square on the periodic table would look like.
To figure out the number of protons in the atom, just look at the atomic number. It should be different for every element. To find out the number of neutrons in the atom, round the atomic mass to the nearest whole number and subtract the number of protons.
The Periodic Table
The periodic table had eight columns and seven rows. In an atom, you can determine where it is on the periodic table by looking at the electrons in the model, and vice versa. This is how:
The groups of elements in the periodic table have names. The elements in the same column are called families, and the elements in the same row (or period as they are scientifically called) are neighbors. The periodic table is something like the chemists alphabet. The elements are set, and they have pretty much memorized the periodic table or know how to find which element is which using the numbers of protons and neutrons. Just like you might interpret directions from a friend, chemists find their way around the periodic table using directions.
Elements are formed into eight groups. They are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. Number 6, number 7, etcetera. Metals are everything to the left of the periodic staircase.
There are gradual changes in the properties occur from one element to another. Changes in the properties occur because the number of protons and electrons increases from left to right along a period. Elements in a family have similar properties because they have the same number of electrons in the outer shell. They are all related somehow.
Types of Elements
Alkali Metals
- Have one electron in the outer shell
- Are soft, silvery metals, are incredibly reactive, so reactive they are never found alone, always being bonded to another
- Conduct electricity
Alkaline earth metals
- Have two electrons in the outer shell
- Are white and malleable, very easy to shape, something like clay or play-doh
- Conduct electricity
- Reactive (less than Alkali metal, but still)
Transition Metal
- Conductor of heat and electricity
- Up to thirty two electrons in the outer shell
- Bond with other elements
- Easily form alloys
Boron Family
- Three electrons in the outer shell
- Most elements are metal
Carbon Family
- Four electrons in the outer shell
- Unreactive
- Form bonds
Carbon makes up food, us, diamond, coal, plastic, DNA, alcohol
Nitrogen
- Five electrons in the outer shell
- Share electrons to make compounds
- solid s at room temperature
- Contains metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
Oxygen
- 6 electrons in the outer shell
- Reactive
- Contains metal, nonmetal, and metalloids
Halogens
- 7 electrons in the outer shell
- Reative
- nonmetals
Noble Gases
- Exist as gases
- No reaction at all whatsoever
- Full- there are 8 electrons in the outer shell
- Nonmetals
S&EP:SP2
We took notes all this week on the periodic table and how it works. We have one to study, and on Friday we had a maze we had to get through. We had to define the element the room was made of and carve the element symbol on the door so we could escape the maze. But we had to use the clues provided. Note taking is definetly good for something like this!
XCC Patterns
The periodic table was drawn first by Dmitri Mendeleev. He had to use patterns to discover which elements went where and why they went there. He needed to use them to draw it out.
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